A Short History of Computers

One of the greatest inventions of the time isTelecommunications Research Establishment. It
obviously the computer. Billions of people usewas the first computer to use a stored program
computers in their daily life throughout the world.and it went live in 1948. The Manchester MARK I
Throughout decades, computer has evolved fromwent live in 1951 and showed tremendous
a very expensive and slow device to today'sprogress against computers. Researchers had
extremely smart machines with unbelievablefound that there was a huge chance of
processing power.development for the computer.
No single person was credited with the inventionThe UNIVAC which stands for Universal
of computer, many believe that Konrad Zuse andAutomatic Computer was built by the creators of
his Z1 machine was the first in a long line ofENIAC. It was the fastest and most innovative
innovations that gave us the computer of today.computer capable of handling many computations.
Konrad Zuse was a German who was famous forIt was a masterpiece of its time and was praised
the creation of the first freely programmableby public.
mechanical computing device in 1936. Zuse's Z1IBM is known for creating the first personal
was created with a focus on 3 basic elementscomputer widely affordable and available to the
that are still necessary in today's calculators. Later,people. IBM 701 was the first general purpose
Konrad Zuse created Z2 and the Z3.computer developed by IBM. The new computer
The first of the MARK series computers werelanguage called FORTRAN was used in the new
being built at Harvard. The MARK I began in 1944701. Other IBM computers also followed like the
and this computer was huge filling in a room704. The IBM 7090 also was a big success and it
having a size of 55 feet long by 8 feet high. Thedominated business computers for the next 20
MARK I could perform a wide variety ofyears. In the late 1970's and into 1980 IBM
calculations. It became a success and was utilizeddeveloped a personal computer known as the PC.
by the US Navy. It was in service till 1959.IBM has had a huge influence on the computers
The ENIAC computer was one of most importantused today.
achievements in computing. It was commissionedIn 1984, the Apple Macintosh was released and
during World War II and used by the US military.Apple computers dominated the market. It was
Vacuum tubes were used by this computernot a quick success. It went into production from
instead of electric motors and levers for fastJanuary of 1984 to October of 1985.
calculations. Its speed was about thousand timesWith the growth of personal computer market in
faster than any other calculating device duringthe early and mid 1980s, many companies realized
that time. This computer was enormous and hadthat GUI or Graphical User Interface was user
a total cost of $500,000. The ENIAC was infriendly. This led to the development of an
operation till 1955.operating system called Windows by Microsoft.
RAM or Random Access Memory was firstThe first version was called Windows 1.0 and later
introduced in 1964. The first RAM was a metalcame Windows 2.0 and 3.0 editions. Microsoft is
detector plate positioned close to a vacuum tubeincreasingly popular today.
which detected the difference in electrical charges.Today, computers are extremely powerful and
It was an easy way of storing computermore affordable than ever. They have practically
instructions.infiltrated into every aspect of our lives. It is used
There were plenty of innovations in the 1940s.as a powerful tool of communication and
The Manchester Baby was developed bycommerce. The future is computer is tremendous.